[1] R.A. Marsh, S. Vukson, S. Surampudi, B.V. Ratnakumar, M.C. Smart, M. Manzo, P.J. Dalton, Li ion batteries for aerospace applications, Journal of power sources, Vol. 97-98, pp. 25-27, 2001, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00584-5.
[2] M. A. P. Mahmud, N. Huda, S. H. Farjana, and C. Lang, Comparative Life Cycle Environmental Impact Analysis of Lithium-Ion (LiIo) and Nickel-Metal Hydride (NiMH) Batteries, Batteries, Vol. 5, No. 1, p. 22, 2019, doi: 10.3390/batteries5010022.
[3] M. C. Smart, B. V. Ratnakumar, R. C. Ewell, S. Surampudi, F. J. Puglia, and R. Gitzendanner, The use of lithium-ion batteries for JPL's Mars missions, Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 268, pp. 27-40, 2018/04/01/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.electacta.2018.02.020.
[4] Y. Borthomieu and N. Thomas, Chapter 5 - Aerospace Applications. I. Satellites, Launchers, Aircraft, Elsevier, 2007, pp. 273-326.
[5] A.A. Kebede, T. Coosemans, M. Messagie, T. Jemal, HA. Behabtu, J .Van Mierlo, M. Berecibar, Techno-economic analysis of lithium-ion and lead-acid batteries in stationary energy storage application, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 40, p. 102748, 2021/08/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2021.102748.
[6] W. Walker, Rechargeable lithium batteries for aerospace applications, in Rechargeable Lithium Batteries: Elsevier, 2015, pp. 369-383.
[7] M. Esfahanian, M. J. Esfandyari, V. Esfahanian, H. Nehzati, and H. Miladi, State of Charge Estimation for Series-Connected Lithium Battery Pack Using Extended Kalman Filter, Amirkabir Journal of Mechanical Engineering, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 17-26, 2020.
[8] M. J. Esfandyari, V. Esfahanian, M. Masih-Tehrani, and H. Nehzati, Design and Verification of a Model-less Approach for Maintaining Battery Safe Operation in Electric Vehicle Using Hardware-in-the-Loop Simulation, Iranian Journal of Mechanical Engineering Transactions of ISME, Vol. 20, No. 3, pp. 185-199, 2018.
[9] A. B. Ansari, V. Esfahanian, and F. Torabi, Thermal-electrochemical simulation of lead-acid battery using reduced-order model based on proper orthogonal decomposition for real-time monitoring purposes, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 44, p. 103491, 2021.
[10] G. Leita and B. Bozzini, Impact of space radiation on lithium-ion batteries: A review from a radiation electrochemistry perspective, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 100, p. 113406, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.113406.
[11] T. Somsak, N. Sriyoaruean, M. Ngo-det, J. Thongpron, A. Namin, N. Patcharaprakiti, Study on Temperature Effects of Batteries Lithium Ion NCR18650GA Lifetime for Low Earth Orbit Satellites, in 2024 7th International Conference on Green Technology and Sustainable Development (GTSD), 2024: IEEE, pp. 281-286, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/GTSD62346.2024.10675241.
[12] M. Eilenberger, H. Gunasekar, D. Gomez Toro, and C. Bänsch, Analysis of the thermal design of a COTS-based modular battery system for satellites by thermal vacuum testing, CEAS Space Journal, Vol. 16, No. 4, pp. 511-523, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12567-023-00526-8.
[13] H-R. Bahrami, M. Saberi, Numerical investigation of the use of solid or porous fins to improve heat transfer in an annular heat exchanger: Suitable thermal management of satellites, erospace Knowledge and Technology Journal, Vol. 13, No. 1, p. 33-48.
[14] M. Morciano, M. Fasano, E. Chiavazzo, and L. Mongibello, Trending applications of phase change materials in sustainable thermal engineering: An up-to-date review, Energy Conversion and Management: X, p. 100862, 2025/01/02/ 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecmx.2024.100862.
[15] B. R. Qawasmeh, M. Alrbai, and S. George, Cooling of lithium-ion battery using PCM passive and semipassive thermal system immersed in nanofluid, Energy Exploration & Exploitation, p. 01445987241310003, 2024, doi: 10.1177/01445987241310003.
[16] X. Li, L. Li, W. Hang, W. Wang, M. Yin, X. Wang, S. Bei, Q. Xu, J. Liu, K. Zheng, Systematic investigation of hybrid cold plate combining embedded phase change material with liquid cooling minichannels under different ambient temperatures for battery thermal management, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 108, p. 115125, 2025/02/01/ 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.115125.
[17] Q. Su, F. Kang, J. Li, Q. Ma, Y. Wang, J. Duan, C. Zhang, Experimental and numerical investigation of a composite thermal management system for energy storage battery based on air cooling, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 262, p. 125184, 2025/03/01/ 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2024.125184.
[18] A. M. Elshaer, A. M. A. Soliman, M. Kassab, S. Mori, and A. A. Hawwash, Numerical study about thermal performance evaluation of PCM and PCM/fins composite-based thermal control module at microgravity conditions, International Journal of Thermofluids, Vol. 20, p. 100419, 2023/11/01/ 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijft.2023.100419.
[19] N. Napa, M. K. Agrawal, and B. Tamma, Design of novel thermal management system for Li-ion battery module using metal matrix based passive cooling method, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 73, p. 109119, 2023/12/15/ 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.109119.
[20] Z. Liu, C. Huadan, B. Wang, and P. Li, Coupling optimization of protruding fin and PCM in hybrid cooling system and cycle strategy matching for lithium-ion battery thermal management, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, Vol. 207, p. 109372, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijthermalsci.2024.109372.
[21] K. Wang, Y. Li, B.-L. Wang, Z.-H. Rao, and C.-H. Min, Study on the integrated battery thermal management system based on magnetic fields and nano-enhanced phase change materials coupled with electrothermal films, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 240, p. 126665, 2025/05/01/ 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2025.126665.
[22] E. Enayati, M. Siavashi, S. Mousavi, and A. Moaveni, Developing the optimal cooling strategy for battery thermal management systems under realistic driving conditions, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 162, p. 108589, 2025/03/01/ 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2025.108589.
[23] B. Li, L. Zhang, B. Shang, and Y. Huo, Numerical investigation on heat transfer characteristics in battery thermal management with phase change material composited by toroidal porous medium, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 154, p. 107414, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.107414.
[24] W. Zhang, X. Li, W. Wu, and J. Huang, Influence of mechanical vibration on composite phase change material based thermal management system for lithium-ion battery, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 54, p. 105237, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.105237.
[25] O. Yetik and T. H. Karakoc, A study on lithium‐ion battery thermal management system with Al2O3 nanofluids, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 46, No. 8, pp. 10930-10941, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/er.7893.
[26] A. Bais, D. Subhedar, and S. Panchal, Experimental investigations of a novel phase change material and nano enhanced phase change material based passive battery thermal management system for Li-ion battery discharged at a high C rate, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 103, p. 114395, 2024/12/10/ 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.114395.
[27] M. G. Kibria, U. K. Paul, M. S. Mohtasim, B. K. Das, and N. Mustafi, Characterization, Optimization, and performance evaluation of PCM with Al2O3 and ZnO hybrid nanoparticles for photovoltaic thermal energy storage, Energy and Built Environment, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enbenv.2024.06.001.
[28] Y. Gao, A. Basem,S. Mohammad Sajadi,D. J. Jasim, N. Nasajpour-Esfahani, S. Salahshour, S. Esmaeili, Sh. Baghaei, The effect of initial pressure on the thermal behavior of the silica aerogel/PCM/CuO nanostructure inside a cylindrical duct using molecular dynamics simulation, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, Vol. 54, p. 104064, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.104064.
[29] C. Zhao, Y. Tao, and Y. Yu, Thermal conductivity enhancement of phase change material with charged nanoparticle: a molecular dynamics simulation, Energy, Vol. 242, p. 123033, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2024.104064.
[30] C. Ma, Y. Zhang, S. Hu, X. Liu, and S. He, A copper nanoparticle enhanced phase change material with high thermal conductivity and latent heat for battery thermal management, Journal of Loss Prevention in the Process Industries, Vol. 78, p. 104814, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jlp.2022.104814.
[31] B. Kalidasan, A. Pandey, R. Saidur, and V. Tyagi, Energizing organic phase change materials using silver nanoparticles for thermal energy storage, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 58, p. 106361, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2022.106361.
[32] F. Wang et al., Thermal performance of a phase change material (PCM) microcapsules containing Au nanoparticles in a nanochannel: a molecular dynamics approach, Journal of Molecular Liquids, Vol. 373, p. 121128, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.molliq.2022.121128.
[33] S. Yin, M. Lu, C. Liu, L. Tong, L. Wang, and Y. Ding, Fabrication and thermal properties of capric–stearic acid eutectic/nano-SiO2 phase change material with expanded graphite and CuO for thermal energy storage, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 77, p. 110025, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2023.110025.
[34] A. B. Al-Aasam, A. Ibrahim, K. Sopian, B. Abdulsahib, and M. Dayer, Nanofluid-based photovoltaic thermal solar collector with nanoparticle-enhanced phase change material (Nano-PCM) and twisted absorber tubes, Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, Vol. 49, p. 103299, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.csite.2023.103299.
[35] G. Yang, B. Shang, B. Zhang, and E. Liang, Thermally-enhanced flexible phase change materials incorporating magnetically aligned boron nitride platelets for efficient thermal management, Journal of Energy Storage, Vol. 108, p. 115086, 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.est.2024.115086.
[36] O. A. Alawi, N. A. C. Sidik, H. W. Xian, T. H. Kean, and S. N. Kazi, Thermal conductivity and viscosity models of metallic oxides nanofluids, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 116, pp. 1314-1325, 2018/01/01/ 2018, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2017.09.133.
[37] Y. Tauran, A. Brioude, A. Coleman, M. Rhimi, and B. Kim, Molecular recognition by gold, silver and copper nanoparticles, World journal of biological chemistry, Vol. 4, pp. 35-63, 08/26 2013, doi: 10.4331/wjbc.v4.i3.35.
[38] D. V. Shtansky, A. T. Matveev, E. S. Permyakova, D. V. Leybo, A. S. Konopatsky, and P. B. Sorokin, Recent Progress in Fabrication and Application of BN Nanostructures and BN-Based Nanohybrids, Nanomaterials, Vol. 12, No. 16, p. 2810, 2022.
[39] F. Wang, C. Bai, L. Chen, and Y. Yu, Boron nitride nanocomposites for microwave absorption: A review, Materials Today Nano, Vol. 13, p. 100108, 2021/03/01/ 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mtnano.2020.100108.
[40] G. P. Akishin et al., Thermal conductivity of beryllium oxide ceramic, Refractories and Industrial Ceramics, Vol. 50, No. 6, pp. 465-468, 2009, doi: 10.1007/s11148-010-9239-z.
[41] X.F. Wang, R.C. Wang, C.Q. Peng, T.T. Li, and B. Liu, Synthesis and sintering of beryllium oxide nanoparticles, Progress in Natural Science: Materials International, Vol. 20, pp. 81-86, 2010/11/01/ 2010, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/S1002-0071(12)60011-2.
[42] V. Altunal, BeO ceramics, in Luminescent Ceramics: Elsevier, 2025, pp. 159-178.
[43] Z. Sattinova, B. Assilbekov, A. Pal, T. Bekenov, and B. B. Saha, Melting enhancement in vertical triplex-tube latent heat thermal energy storage system using BeO nanoparticles and internal fins, Results in Engineering, p. 103957, 2025/01/04/ 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rineng.2025.103957.
[44] Y. Wang, T. Gao, L. Zhou, J. Gong, and J. Li, A parametric study of a hybrid battery thermal management system that couples PCM with wavy microchannel cold plate, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 219, p. 119625, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2022.119625.
[45] P. Sutheesh, J. Jose, T. K. Hotta, and B. Rohinikumar, Numerical investigations on thermal performance of PCM-based lithium-ion battery thermal management system equipped with advanced honeycomb structures, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 158, p. 107937, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.107937.
[46] R. Liu, W. Zhou, P. Shen, A. Prudil, and P. Chan, Fully coupled multiphysics modeling of enhanced thermal conductivity UO2–BeO fuel performance in a light water reactor, Nuclear Engineering and Design, Vol. 295, pp. 511-523, 2015, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/IMECE2015-52504.
[47] V. Bobkov, L. Fokin, E. Petrov, V. Popov, V. Rumiantsev, and A. Savvatimsky, Thermophysical properties of materials for nuclear engineering: a tutorial and collection of data, IAEA, Vienna, pp. 18-21, 2008.
[48] M. McQuarrie, Thermal conductivity: VII, analysis of variation of conductivity with temperature for Al2O3, BeO, and MgO, Journal of the American Ceramic Society, Vol. 37, No. 2, pp. 91-95, 1954, doi: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1551-2916.1954.tb20106.x.
[49]M. Jafaryar and M. Sheikholeslami, Simulation of melting paraffin with graphene nanoparticles within a solar thermal energy storage system, Scientific Reports, Vol. 13, 05/26 2023, doi: 10.1038/s41598-023-35361-8.
[50] A. V. Arasu and A. S. Mujumdar, Numerical study on melting of paraffin wax with Al2O3 in a square enclosure, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 39, No. 1, pp. 8-16, 2012, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2011.09.013.
[51] M. Abolghasemi, A. Keshavarz, and M. A. Mehrabian, Thermodynamic analysis of a thermal storage unit under the influence of nano-particles added to the phase change material and/or the working fluid, Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 48, pp. 1961-1970, 2012, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00231-012-1039-1.
[52] T. L. Wong, Y. S. Perera, C. Vallés, A. Nasser, and C. Abeykoon, A data-driven model on the thermal transfer mechanism of composite phase change materials, Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, Vol. 50, p. 102486, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tsep.2024.102486.
[53] M. A. Amidu, M. Ali, A. K. Alkaabi, and Y. Addad, A critical assessment of nanoparticles enhanced phase change materials (NePCMs) for latent heat energy storage applications, Scientific Reports, Vol. 13, No. 1, p. 7829, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-34907-0.
[54] Y. Han, Y. Yang, T. Mallick, and C. Wen, Nanoparticles to enhance melting performance of phase change materials for thermal energy storage, Nanomaterials, Vol. 12, No. 11, p. 1864, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12111864.
[55] A. Abderrahmane et al., Enhancing the melting process of shell-and-tube PCM thermal energy storage unit using modified tube design, Nanomaterials, Vol. 12, No. 17, p. 3078, 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.3390/nano12173078.
[56] A. Sciacovelli, F. Colella, and V. Verda, Melting of PCM in a thermal energy storage unit: Numerical investigation and effect of nanoparticle enhancement, International Journal of Energy Research, Vol. 37, No. 13, pp. 1610-1623, 2013, doi: https://doi.org/10.1002/er.2974.
[57] V. Selvaraj, B. Morri, L. M. Nair, and H. Krishnan, Experimental investigation on the thermophysical properties of beryllium oxide-based nanofluid and nano-enhanced phase change material, Journal of Thermal Analysis and Calorimetry, Vol. 137, pp. 1527-1536, 2019, doi: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-35361-8.
[58] Z. Hu, S. Jiang, Z. Sun, and J. Li, Numerical simulation of fin arrangements on the melting process of PCM in a rectangular unit, Renewable Energy, Vol. 220, p. 119677, 2024/01/01/ 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2023.119677.
[59] F. Afsharpanah, S. S. Mousavi Ajarostaghi, and M. Arıcı, Parametric study of phase change time reduction in a shell-and-tube ice storage system with anchor-type fin design, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 137, p. 106281, 2022/10/01/ 2022, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2022.106281.
[60] B. Buonomo, T. A. Famoso, M. R. Golia, O. Manca, S. Nardini, and R. E. Plomitallo, Numerical Analysis Comparing the Thermal Performance of Two Solar Chimneys Combined With Thermal Energy Storage Made of Phase Change Materials Embedded in a Metal Foam, in Heat Transfer Summer Conference, 2024, Vol. 87905: American Society of Mechanical Engineers, p. V001T01A017, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/HT2024-131313.
[61] S. Yao, M. Zuo, and X. Huang, Evaluation and optimization of the thermal storage performance of a triplex-tube thermal energy storage system with V-shaped fins, Journal of Thermal Science, Vol. 32, No. 6, pp. 2048-2064, 2023, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11630-023-1795-x.
[62] A. Kumar and A. Maurya, Transient Analysis of Phase Change Material-Based Triple-Tube Unit with Sinusoidal Wavy-Shaped Fin, Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, Vol. 49, No. 8, pp. 10867-10889, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13369-023-08525-x.
[63] N. B. Khedher et al., Accelerated melting dynamics in latent-heat storage systems via longitudinal and circular fins: A comprehensive 3D analysis, International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 156, p. 107602, 2024, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icheatmasstransfer.2024.107602.
[64] X. Yang, X. Wang, Z. Liu, X. Luo, and J. Yan, Effect of fin number on the melting phase change in a horizontal finned shell-and-tube thermal energy storage unit, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 236, p. 111527, 2022.
[65] Z. N. Meng and P. Zhang, Experimental and numerical investigation of a tube-in-tank latent thermal energy storage unit using composite PCM, Applied Energy, Vol. 190, pp. 524-539, 2017/03/15/ 2017, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apenergy.2016.12.163.
[66] Q. Mao and Y. Zhang, Thermal energy storage performance of a three-PCM cascade tank in a high-temperature packed bed system, Renewable Energy, Vol. 152, pp. 110-119, 2020/06/01/ 2020, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2020.01.051.
[67] M.-J. Li, M.-J. Li, Z.-X. Tong, and D. Li, Optimization of the packed-bed thermal energy storage with cascaded PCM capsules under the constraint of outlet threshold temperature, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 186, p. 116473, 2021, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2020.116473.
[68] N. B. Khedher et al., Maximizing charging/discharging capabilities of horizontal shell-and-tube latent heat storage systems with innovative curved fin inserts, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, Vol. 236, p. 126289, 2025/01/01/ 2025, doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2024.126289.
[69] C. Wu et al., Numerical study and optimization of battery thermal management systems (BTMS) Based on Fin-Phase change material (PCM) in variable gravity environments, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 244, p. 122777, 2024.
[70] H. N. Khaboshan et al., Thermal uniformity analysis of a hybrid battery pack using integrated phase change material, metal foam, and counterflow minichannels, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 259, p. 124910, 2025.
[71] L. Xie, Y. Huang, and H. Lai, Coupled prediction model of liquid-cooling based thermal management system for cylindrical lithium-ion module, Applied Thermal Engineering, Vol. 178, p. 115599, 2020.