دانش و فناوری هوافضا

دانش و فناوری هوافضا

ارزیابی سامانه کنترل حرارتی رسانشی - تشعشعی غیرفعال به منظور کاهش مصرف هیتر باتری در کیوبست

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان
1 کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی مکانیک- تبدیل انرژی، مکانیک، علم و صنعت ایران، تهران، ایران
2 دکتری مهندسی مکانیک- ساخت و تولید، مکانیک، صنعتی مالک اشتر، تهران، ایران،
3 کارشناسی ارشد مهندسی مکانیک- ساخت و تولید، مکانیک، دانشگاه آزاد واحد تهران شمال، تهران، ایران
چکیده
کنترل حرارتی یکی از زیرسامانه‌های کلیدی کیوب‌ست‌ها است که نقش مهمی در تضمین عملکرد تجهیزات الکترونیکی و افزایش قابلیت اطمینان مأموریت دارد. در این پژوهش، عملکرد یک سامانه کنترل حرارت غیرفعال با هدف کاهش مصرف توان و حذف نیاز به هیتر باتری در یک کیوب‌ست ارزیابی شده است. بدین منظور، مدل حرارتی ماهواره در محیط شبیه‌سازی توسعه یافته و با استفاده از یک مسئله مرجع تحلیلی اعتبارسنجی شد که اختلاف نتایج آن با حل تحلیلی حدود 1/16 درصد بود. همچنین، بررسی استقلال از شبکه، دقت مناسب مدل عددی را تأیید کرد. نتایج تحلیل شرایط بحرانی گرم نشان داد دمای برخی تجهیزات از محدوده مجاز عملکرد فراتر می‌رود. به‌منظور بهبود وضعیت حرارتی، از هیت‌سینک‌های آلومینیومی، صفحات پخش‌کننده حرارت و مسیرهای هدایت حرارتی به صفحات رادیاتوری استفاده شد. نتایج حاکی از کاهش حدود 60 درصدی دمای برد مخابرات و 56 درصدی دمای سلول‌های باتری و قرارگیری تمامی تجهیزات در محدوده مجاز عملکرد بود. همچنین، تحلیل شرایط حدی سرد نشان داد باتری بدون نیاز به هیتر در محدوده دمایی مجاز باقی می‌ماند.
کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله English

Assessment of passive conductive-radiative thermal control for reducing battery heater consumption in cubeSats

نویسندگان English

Hossein Kazempour 1
Morteza Tahernia 2
Seyed mohammad Shafiof 3
1 Master’s dgree, school of Mechanical Engineering, Iran University of Science and Technology, Tehran
2 Ph.D in Mechanical Engineering, Manufacturing and Production Orientation, Industrial Malek Ashtar, Tehran
3 Master’s dgree, Mechanical Engineering and Production Orientation, Islamic Azad University-Tehran North Branch
چکیده English

Thermal control is one of the key subsystems of CubeSats, playing a critical role in ensuring the reliable operation of onboard electronic components and enhancing mission reliability. This study evaluates the performance of a passive thermal control system designed to reduce power consumption and eliminate the need for a battery heater in a CubeSat. First, a thermal model of the satellite was developed in a specialized thermal analysis environment and validated against a benchmark analytical problem, yielding a discrepancy of approximately 1.16% from the analytical solution. A grid independence study further confirmed the accuracy of the numerical model. Thermal analysis under the worst-case hot scenario revealed that the temperatures of several components exceeded their allowable operating limits. To address this issue, aluminum heat sinks, heat spreaders, thermally conductive interfaces, and conductive paths to radiator panels were incorporated into the design. The proposed passive thermal control system reduced the temperatures of the communication board and battery cells by approximately 60% and 56%, respectively, while maintaining all components within their permissible operating temperature ranges. Furthermore, analysis under the worst-case cold scenario demonstrated that the battery temperature remained within the acceptable range without requiring a battery heater.

کلیدواژه‌ها English

CubeSat
Passive Thermal Control
Heat Spreader
Orbital Thermal Analysis
Battery
[1] G. Salazar-Salinas, E. Botello-Ramírez, and E. Avalos-Gauna, “Thermal analysis of a 3U CubeSat: A case study of Pakal satellite,” in Proc. Int. Conf. Fluid Flow, Heat and Mass Transfer (FFHMT’21), Virtual Conf, 2021.
[2] J. Meseguer, I. Pérez-Grande, and A. Sanz-Andrés, Spacecraft Thermal Control. Cambridge, U.K. Woodhead Publishing, 2012.
[3] P. Fortescue, G. Swinerd, and J. Stark, Spacecraft Systems Engineering, 4th ed. Hoboken, NJ, USA: John Wiley & Sons, 2011.
[4] D. G. Gilmore, Satellite Thermal Control for Systems Engineers. El Segundo, CA, USA: The Aerospace Press, 1994.
[5] F. Kreith, R. M. Manglik, and M. S. Bohn, Principles of Heat Transfer, 7th ed. Stamford, CT, USA: Cengage Learning, 2010.
[6] A. G. C. Guerra, D. Nodar-López, and R. Tubío-Pardavila, “Thermal analysis of the electronics of a CubeSat mission,” 2018.
[7] N. S. Bennett, A. Hawchar, and A. Cowley, “Thermal control of CubeSat electronics using thermoelectrics,” Applied Sciences, vol. 13, no. 11, Art.no 6505, 2023.
[8] J. Cannon, R. B. Mulford, and B. D. Iverson, “Passively actuated triangular fin array for CubeSat thermal control,” SSRN Electronic Journal, 2023.
[9] J. R. Cannon et al., “Internally stowed, radially deployed radiator panels for passive CubeSat thermal control,” Applied Thermal Engineering, 2025.
[10] E. A. Boltov et al., “Design of a CubeSat thermal control system for battery module,” Spacecrafts & Technologies, 2022.
[11] H. Sheikhbahaee and S. Hajialigol, “A review of new technologies in passive thermal control for CubeSats,” Journal of Technology in Aerospace Engineering, 2022.
[12] S. V. Martinez et al., “An integrated thermal-electrical model for simulations of battery behavior in CubeSats,” Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 24, Art. no 11817, 2021.
[13] A. M. P. DiTommaso, “Simulation, design, and analysis of the hybrid magnetic attitude and thermal control systems for the Violet nanosatellite mission,” M.S. thesis, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy, 2021.
[14] J. P. Mason, B. Lamprecht, T. N. Woods, and C. Downs, “CubeSat on-orbit temperature comparison to thermal-balance-tuned-model predictions,” Journal of Thermophysics and Heat Transfer, vol. 32, no. 1, pp. 36–49, 2018
[15] S. V. Martinez, E. Morsch Filho, L. O. Seman, E. A. Bezerra, V. D. P. Nicolau, R. García Ovejero, and V. R. Q. Leithardt, “An integrated thermal-electrical model for simulations of battery behavior in CubeSats,” Applied Sciences, vol. 11, no. 4, Art. no. 1554, 2021
[16] G. Capovilla, E. Cestino, L. Reyneri, and F. Valpiani, “Modular multifunctional composite structure for CubeSat applications: Embedded battery prototype thermal analysis,” Batteries, vol. 11, no. 5, Art. no.172, 2025
[17] N. Blanchete and A. Bah, “Thermal design, analysis and test: Framework for CubeSat in low Earth orbit,” Results in Engineering, vol. 24, Art. no. 103401, 2024
[18] G. Capovilla, E. Cestino, and L. Reyneri, “Modular multifunctional composite structure for CubeSat applications: Embedded battery prototype modal analysis,” Aerospace, vol. 10, no. 12, Art. no. 1009, 2023
[19] M. De Stefano, “Thermal modelling and analysis of a 12U CubeSat for Earth observation,” M.S. thesis, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy, 2022.
[20] G. Marraffa, “Thermal analysis of 6U CubeSats,” M.S. thesis, Politecnico di Torino, Turin, Italy, 2019.
[21] L. M. P. Camí, M. N. Salán Ballesteros, and K. Osipova, “Thermal analysis of a 6-unit CubeSat in low Earth orbit,” 2024.
[22] W. F. A. Wan Aasim et al., “Thermal analysis of AlainSat-1: A 3U CubeSat for Earth observation,” in Proc. E3S Web of Conferences, vol. 477, 2024.
[23] A. Garzón et al., “Effect of beta angle and contact conductances on the temperature distribution of a 3U CubeSat,” Thermal Science and Engineering Progress, vol. 29, Art. no.101183, 2022.
[24] K. Al Nahyan, “Thermal and structural analysis of a CubeSat,” M.S. thesis, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates, 2019.
[25] A. Gilbert, Preliminary Thermal Analysis of Small Satellites. Washington, DC, USA: National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 2025.
[26] Z. Mason, “Thermal analysis and control of small satellites in low Earth orbit,” M.S. thesis, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, MO, USA, 2024.
[27] D. G. Gilmore, Ed., Spacecraft Thermal Control Handbook: Fundamental Technologies, 2nd ed., vol. 1. El Segundo, CA, USA: The Aerospace Press, 2002.
[28] J. F. Shackelford and W. Alexander, CRC Materials Science and Engineering Handbook, 3rd ed. Boca Raton, FL, USA: CRC Press, 2000.
[29] Siemens Digital Industries Software, “NX Space Systems Thermal,” Siemens Digital Industries Software.[Online].Available:https://plm.automation.siemens.com/. [Accessed: Jun.7, 2026].
[30] National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), CubeSat 101: Basic Concepts and Processes for First-Time CubeSat Developers. Washington, DC, USA: NASA, Oct. 2017.
[31] M.-A. Larouche et al., “The ECOSat CubeSat: A student-built photometric telescope for asteroseismology,” in Proc. 64th Int. Astronautical Congress (IAC), Beijing, China, Sep. 2013.
[32] Canadian Space Agency, “Canadian CubeSat Project: ECOSat,” Government of Canada, Mar. 15, 2021.
[33] R. C. Singleterry et al., “Space radiation shielding,” AIP Conference Proceedings, vol. 504, no. 1, pp. 903–908, 2000.
[34] J. H. Henninger, “Solar absorptance and thermal emittance of spacecraft materials,” NASA Technical Note NASA TN D-7080, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1984.
[35] S. Aboobakar, “ECOSat-III thermal analysis using Thermal Desktop,” M.S. thesis, 2016.
[36] California Polytechnic State University, CubeSat Design Specification, Rev. 14.1, The CubeSat Program, Aug. 2022.
[37] California Polytechnic State University, “CubeSat Design Specification Announcement,” The CubeSat Program.[Online]. Available: https://www.cubesat.org/cds-announcement. [Accessed: Oct. 15, 2023].
[38] Canadian Space Agency, “CubeSat Program.” [Online]. Available: https://www.asc-csa.gc.ca/eng/satellites/cubesat/default.asp. [Accessed: Oct. 15, 2023].
[39] NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, “Radiation Effects and Analysis.” [Online]. Available: https://radhome.gsfc.nasa.gov/radhome/rad_effects.htm. [Accessed: Oct. 15, 2023].
[40] J. T. Curran, “Design and optimization of the ECOSat satellite requirements and integration: A trade study analysis of vibrational, thermal, and integration constraints,” Ph.D. dissertation, 2014.
[41] A. G. C. Guerra, D. Nodar-López, and R. Tubío-Pardavila, “Thermal analysis of the electronics of a CubeSat mission,” Acta Astronautica, vol. 146, pp. 89–101, 2018.
[42] A. Fernández-Soler, D. Nodar-López, R. Tubío-Pardavila, et al., “Study of pyrolytic graphite sheet potential as a passive thermal element in CubeSats,” Advances in Space Research, vol. 72, no. 8, pp. 3408–3422, 2023.